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Editor’s Note: This is the fourth in a multi-part series examining the fundamentals behind the structural transformation of the U.S. oil markets and the downstream logistics challenges that are resulting. The third installment covered the “disconnect” between inland crudes priced off Cushing crude values when the North American oil hub is flush with crude in storage. (Image Source: CN)
As geopolitical turmoil drives crude prices skyward and lifts retail gasoline to US$4.89 per gallon (/gal) in cities like Los Angeles, it’s anything but business as usual in the U.S. oil patch.
Inland producers who are left in the dust amid triple-digit waterborne crude prices on most every U.S. coast are pioneering inventive downstream logistics to ship crude at low cost to higher-priced markets – thereby avoiding the disconnect in the wild west of North America’s oil industry.
Nearly every multimodal logistics opportunity short of yesteryear’s Pony Express and today’s Federal Express is being considered to cost-effectively ship crude oil to profit from high-price spreads between landlocked and waterborne crudes.
In intra-day trading on March 2, a remarkable spread was logged as the West Canadian Select (WCS) grade saw discount pricing around $80.00 per barrel (/ bbl), while both Heavy Louisiana Sweet and Light Louisiana Sweet (HLS and LLS) crudes on the Gulf Coast traded at more than $122.00/bbl.
That astounding discount of more than $40.00/bbl represents 50% of the then current WCS value. The basis differential can partly be explained by crude quality, but these theoretically, wide-open arbitrage opportunities attract pioneering innovators like the land rush days of old.
Furthermore, the $19.70/bbl discount to LLS prices that day for 38 million barrels of crude stored inland at Cushing at the time represented $750 million in dollar terms.
In the void left by insufficient pipeline takeaway capacity, tankers are stepping in to ship crude via rail and inland waterways away from the heavily utilized and smaller Mid-Continent refining fleet toward a Gulf Coast refining fleet twice its size.
Canadian Railway Company Rides the Rails to the Rescue?
Canadian National Railway Co. (CN), based in Montreal, Quebec, has pioneered and trademarked, PipelineOnRail – described as an “economically sound, surprisingly fast way to ship crude oil products within Alberta to the rest of Canada, the U.S. Midwest, the Gulf coast and other export markets.”
The plan seeks to use its extensive North American rail system that already traverses the Canadian continent on an East-West axis to tank crude south along its interconnected rail spine spanning the U.S. down the Mississippi River valley all the way to and around the U.S. Gulf Coast.
On March 1, Hart Energy contacted CN’s Kelli Svendsen, senior manager of regional public and government affairs, and learned that “CN has been testing concepts to move crude (heavy, light, and pure bitumen) from areas in Western Canada to various markets in the U.S.”
Svendsen said two areas of Canada are already exporting crude oil to the U.S: “CN has moved pure bitumen from Fort McMurray to U.S. markets,” and “from the Bakken reserves in Saskatchewan (Canada) to the U.S.”
The Bakken effort began recently with shipments “in October 2010.” Svendsen said, adding that “CN is optimistic that rail will play an increasing role in the transport of crude moving forward.”
EnSys Study Documents Crude-by-Rail Potential
EnSys Energy noted in a December 2010 North American crude logistics assessment that “CN Rail currently imports condensate, for blending with oil-sands bitumen to make DilBit (a.k.a. diluted bitumen)” from the Kitimat Port on Canada’s west coast.
According to EnSys, the “PipelineOnRail … avoids the large, fixed investments associated with major pipelines.” EnSys also noted that CN indicates potential capacity to move “as many as 200,000 b/d or more.”
EnSys said the study did not allow for the expansion of the PipelineOnRail capacity in any scenario, because tariffs for rail are generally not considered attractive relative to pipelines.
“However, during a period of constrained pipeline capacity, the PipelineOnRail could compete as an alternative,” the assessment reads.
Pioneers on the U.S. Side of the Border
The Bakken petroleum that CN is shipping originates from a producing region that extends into the U.S. states of North Dakota and Montana. Drillers in North Dakota produce the area’s greatest share of petroleum using unconventional hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques.
Justin Kringstad, director of the North Dakota Pipeline Authority (PA), wrote in a September 10, 2010, release: “Because of our distance to market, regional producers have always absorbed a per-barrel discount on production.” Yet he noted that recent increases in rail and pipeline “takeaway capacity has pared that discount down substantially.”
Kringstad tabulated new capacity for crude oil shipments from several takeaway projects, including new rail-loading terminals in the area. These include EOG Resource’s 65,000-b/d rail facility in Stanley, N.D., which began rail tanker shipments to Cushing, Okla., in December 2009.
Hart contacted EOG spokesperson K. Leonard on March 1, who shared that “EOG is currently utilizing five trains, with plans to add a sixth in the future.” Leonard said EOG leases the rail tankers it uses to ship crude.
“The company typically loads one train daily and regularly hauls 68,000 gross barrels of crude per train,” Leonard said, adding that “Each train has approximately 100 cars.”
North Dakota PA’s Kringstad further noted in his release that Hess Corp. is readying a $48-million, 60,000 b/d rail facility in Tioga, N.D., for an early-2012 start-up. His post also said that Dakota Transport Solutions began shipping crude from New Town, N.D., to St. James, La., in August 2010. Kringstad said that facility reportedly had the capacity to transport 20,000 b/d by the end of 2010.
Kringstad also noted that smaller rail facilities operate with an estimated combined capacity of 30,000 b/d and include North Dakota locations in Minot, Dore, Donnybrook and Stampede.
Rangeland Energy LLC a New Pioneer
Rangeland Energy LLC (Rangeland), based in Sugar Land, Texas, has also announced plans that would enable Bakken producers to ship crude by rail tanker to the U.S. Gulf Coast.
On March 1, Hart spoke with Chris Keene, Rangeland president and CEO, and learned the company is developing the “COLT” rail terminal hub or connector to ship 100 rail tankers daily (60,000 b/d) of Bakken crude via the BNSF Railway Company to points including the Gulf Coast.
Keene said his company was formed in 2009 and noted: “It’s a huge opportunity, and I think our facility that we are building will be extremely valuable to the industry. It’s been great.”
“There are new rail tank cars being built as we speak. As fast as they can build them, they are being leased. In fact, they are being leased before they build them. Tank car makers, Keene said, have a huge backlog at present – driven by this trend.
Although Keene would not name names, Hart learned that Dallas-based Trinity Industries, Inc., and Oregon-based The Greenbriar Companies, manufacture multi-modal tankers for rail, barge and/or land transport. A review of company disclosures suggested a confirmation of strong backlogs in tanker manufacturers.
The new rail tankers “are coming on because you have a huge demand that has grown not only in North Dakota but also in the Eagle Ford,” Keene added.
Shippers also “are doing whatever they can using existing fleets … a refiner that has an existing fleet of rail cars that maybe they were moving refined products. They convert them and move crude oil,” according to Keene.
“We have not looked at rail into Canada although we have talked with the folks working Saskatchewan’s Bakken trend. Everything we have looked at doing is in and around Williams County in North Dakota where we will be building,” Keene noted. “But certainly the opportunity exists wherever there is existing infrastructure, rail infrastructure, there is an opportunity to do manifest or unit trains.
“Currently, we have a huge draw to get it to the Gulf Coast, into the LLS market,” he said, but “non-traditional” markets for inland crude could soon take the rising flows shipped by rail tanker from Bakken and Eagle Ford producers. “Bakken crude is going to California at Bakersfield right now, by manifest trains, a few cars at a time.”
Keene further mused about the potential for Eagle Ford to flood the Gulf Coast, saying that this could back crude up at Cushing and further back in the Bakken.
“Now you have this rush of light, sweet crude coming on the market; where is it going to go? It’s an interesting story,” Keene said. “It will be interesting to see which refiners run it given that a lot of these refiners just a couple years ago were converting to run heavy, sour crude with investments of billions of dollars.”
Musket Trading Makes The Connection
On March 1, Hart Energy also contacted Oklahoma-based Musket Trading and spoke to Dan House, managing director of crude oil. House said the shifting North American oil industry landscape has “been pretty active as far as the changes that are going on. That creates opportunity, so it’s a good place for us.”
Musket owns and operates rail-served terminals; maintains some 2,000 railcars; provides shipment logistics in 39 states and Canada; and distributes crude oil and other commodities via more than 20,000 railcars annually. That includes crude from the Bakken region to the U.S. Gulf Coast.
House confirmed that rail shipments of Canadian crude are increasingly being talked about and occurring in small batches. “We have done a small amount of it, and I know there are a lot of people looking at it in a bigger way recently,” House said.
Regarding Eagle Ford production, House said producers there yield “a lot more condensate type material that will be railed out of the Eagle Ford. The crude seems to have a good local market, but the condensate volumes that they are talking about do not seem to have a natural home down there.”
Hart also asked House if the Eagle Ford condensate could be sent northward to Alberta’s bitumen producers for use as diluent instead of importing it at Kitimat and shipping it by CN rails to Alberta. House agreed that this opportunity is “most likely” and “that’s where we are seeing it make sense.”
Kirby Inland – Heavy Oil to Crude Tanker?
To obtain the waterborne tank barge perspective, Hart Energy spoke with Steve Holcomb, communications officer for Kirby Corp. in Houston – among the largest inland waterway shippers in the U.S.
According to Holcomb: “We carry very little crude oil. We’ve had a lot of inquiries into it, but they have got to get the product to the Mississippi River or the Arkansas River. So it’s a logistics problem of getting the crude to a river system that is navigable.”
When asked about CN’s rail plan, Holcomb said: “A tank barge would be much more economical way to move it than rail cars. But then, of course, you have to have access to [load the crude] on a viable waterway.”
“Our utilization is pretty high, so we don’t have a lot of barges available, but the industry may have some available … If you move refined products in a barge and you switch it over to crude service, then you have a significant cost of cleaning that barge. You cannot carry a petroleum product upriver and bring crude oil back.
“That doesn’t work. It must be dedicated,” Holcomb said, or the shipper could incur something like “$50,000 to $60,000 to clean it.” That cleaning cost could be justifiable, Holcomb said, if spread-over barrels shipped over a lengthy lease commitment.
“If it’s moved in a black oil barge, it’s a little different. We have 112 black oil barges out of our total fleet of 825,” Holcomb told Hart, noting that such costly cleaning procedures would be unnecessary.
Hart noted the EnSys stance that “rail linked in to barge (or tanker) could also play a role in the transport market. Small volumes of WCSB crudes are currently arriving in the Gulf Coast in part via barge.”
Holcomb offered assurance that “Somebody will figure it out before long. If it involves inland tank barges, Kirby will benefit, because it will tighten up the inland barge market. Barge availability will be much less than what it is today, and rates will begin to escalate.”
According to Holcomb, several other black oil barge firms provide similar services. If Hart Energy makes headway on researching those, they will be covered in a future segment of Hart Energy’s Oil’s Changing Landscape special series.
Everyone knows that Americans rely heavily on fossil fuels. Much of our electricity is generated by the burning of coal. Furthermore, you probably cook your dinner on a natural gas range, and you pump gasoline into your car's fuel tank every couple days. What you might not know are some of the different ways these raw materials are extracted from the Earth.
Before you can extract the fossil fuel, of course, you need to figure out where it is. Finding petroleum and natural gas is still an evolving science. Most of the "easy-to-find" oil and gas deposits are already being extracted, so geologists are always on the look for new ones. For example, scientists find off-shore petroleum deposits by bouncing sound waves off of the bottom of the ocean to get an image of the density of the rock, letting them know where to drill.
Here are some of the ways fossil fuels are extracted so they can be used to keep your lights on and heat your burgers at summertime picnics.
Petroleum (Oil)
You've undoubtedly seen the old-fashioned movies and TV shows where a lucky oil man pokes a stick in the ground and a big oil gusher sprays into the air. This doesn't happen often, but when it does, it's a problem. Gushers are not only environmentally dangerous, but they waste the oil that drilling companies are trying to extract. Instead, oil drillers use a network of pipes and valves to regulate the pressure of a new well as much as possible.
When people think "oil drilling," they often think about derricks bobbing up and down on the hot terrain. These kinds of pumps are used to extract petroleum from smaller reservoirs under little pressure. For big, valuable oil fields, companies must use a faster, more thorough way of pulling out the thick liquid. By pumping water or gas into an oil field, the petroleum will be displaced, rising to the surface. When the pressure is high enough on the underground petroleum, it will be channeled into a pipeline and sent on its way to a refinery. Gas and water injection drilling techniques allow oil companies to get as much petroleum as possible from a well; every barrel left under the surface is a wasted opportunity.
Land-based oil drills are only part of the story. Many drilling stations are located off-shore, either floating or anchored to the bottom of the ocean. The people who work on these platforms have a difficult job. Not only must they monitor the complicated machinery that pumps petroleum into barges, but they must contend with the elements. Underwater currents are powerful enough to compromise even the strongest drilling equipment and severe storms pose a huge threat to the hard-working men and women on the ocean's surface.
Natural Gas
Natural gas deposits can sometimes be found layered on top of petroleum deposits. This makes sense because the two fuels are sometimes formed together. The natural gas is captured by drilling holes and inserting pipes into known deposits. After being transported, the gas is fed into municipal and industrial distribution systems.
As natural gas sometimes accompanies petroleum, oil drillers sometimes get rid of unwanted gas with a technique called "flaring." The excess gas is actually burned just to get it out of the way. While this isn't the world's biggest energy-related problem, it's somewhat surprising that approximately 5.3 trillion cubic feet of natural gas are wasted in this manner every year. (When natural gas is burned, of course, carbon dioxide is released into the air.) Thankfully, flaring is used less frequently in the United States than in many other countries.
Coal
There are two ways to remove coal from the earth: surface mining and underground mining. Surface mining techniques are employed when the coal is buried less than 20 feet below the surface. As the cheaper alternative, surface mining is more desirable. Earth-moving machines remove the topsoil and all of the other rock covering the coal. Once exposed, those same machines break up the coal seam and remove the pieces. Once all of the coal is gone, the land can be converted for other uses such as a park, farmland or just about anything else.
Underground mining is a little bit more complicated. When the coal is buried much further below the surface (between 200 and 1,000 feet), miners dig several shafts into the ground. Some of the shafts hold elevators the miners use to get to the coal, while others serve as vents to make sure the miners have breathable air. Once lowered into the shaft, miners use hand and power tools to break the coal seam into manageable pieces that are then carried to the surface on tracks. While underground mining has its risks, the United States Government maintains safety standards that protect miners while ensuring the country has the coal it needs.
Although it's not easy to bring coal, natural gas and petroleum to the surface, it's definitely a necessity. Fortunately for us, technology has risen to the task, ensuring that we have the energy that powers our civilization.
About the Author:
PageViews works with Dynowatt. Dynowatt has all your Texas electric needs. Electricity in Texas is not just one option. You can have the electric choice you want. For more information about Dynowatt visit http:// www.dynowatt.com.
Everyone knows that Americans rely heavily on fossil fuels. Much of our electricity is generated by the burning of coal. Furthermore, you probably cook your dinner on a natural gas range, and you pump gasoline into your car's fuel tank every couple days. What you might not know are some of the different ways these raw materials are extracted from the Earth.
Before you can extract the fossil fuel, of course, you need to figure out where it is. Finding petroleum and natural gas is still an evolving science. Most of the "easy-to-find" oil and gas deposits are already being extracted, so geologists are always on the look for new ones. For example, scientists find off-shore petroleum deposits by bouncing sound waves off of the bottom of the ocean to get an image of the density of the rock, letting them know where to drill.
Here are some of the ways fossil fuels are extracted so they can be used to keep your lights on and heat your burgers at summertime picnics.
Petroleum (Oil)
You've undoubtedly seen the old-fashioned movies and TV shows where a lucky oil man pokes a stick in the ground and a big oil gusher sprays into the air. This doesn't happen often, but when it does, it's a problem. Gushers are not only environmentally dangerous, but they waste the oil that drilling companies are trying to extract. Instead, oil drillers use a network of pipes and valves to regulate the pressure of a new well as much as possible.
When people think "oil drilling," they often think about derricks bobbing up and down on the hot terrain. These kinds of pumps are used to extract petroleum from smaller reservoirs under little pressure. For big, valuable oil fields, companies must use a faster, more thorough way of pulling out the thick liquid. By pumping water or gas into an oil field, the petroleum will be displaced, rising to the surface. When the pressure is high enough on the underground petroleum, it will be channeled into a pipeline and sent on its way to a refinery. Gas and water injection drilling techniques allow oil companies to get as much petroleum as possible from a well; every barrel left under the surface is a wasted opportunity.
Land-based oil drills are only part of the story. Many drilling stations are located off-shore, either floating or anchored to the bottom of the ocean. The people who work on these platforms have a difficult job. Not only must they monitor the complicated machinery that pumps petroleum into barges, but they must contend with the elements. Underwater currents are powerful enough to compromise even the strongest drilling equipment and severe storms pose a huge threat to the hard-working men and women on the ocean's surface.
Natural Gas
Natural gas deposits can sometimes be found layered on top of petroleum deposits. This makes sense because the two fuels are sometimes formed together. The natural gas is captured by drilling holes and inserting pipes into known deposits. After being transported, the gas is fed into municipal and industrial distribution systems.
As natural gas sometimes accompanies petroleum, oil drillers sometimes get rid of unwanted gas with a technique called "flaring." The excess gas is actually burned just to get it out of the way. While this isn't the world's biggest energy-related problem, it's somewhat surprising that approximately 5.3 trillion cubic feet of natural gas are wasted in this manner every year. (When natural gas is burned, of course, carbon dioxide is released into the air.) Thankfully, flaring is used less frequently in the United States than in many other countries.
Coal
There are two ways to remove coal from the earth: surface mining and underground mining. Surface mining techniques are employed when the coal is buried less than 20 feet below the surface. As the cheaper alternative, surface mining is more desirable. Earth-moving machines remove the topsoil and all of the other rock covering the coal. Once exposed, those same machines break up the coal seam and remove the pieces. Once all of the coal is gone, the land can be converted for other uses such as a park, farmland or just about anything else.
Underground mining is a little bit more complicated. When the coal is buried much further below the surface (between 200 and 1,000 feet), miners dig several shafts into the ground. Some of the shafts hold elevators the miners use to get to the coal, while others serve as vents to make sure the miners have breathable air. Once lowered into the shaft, miners use hand and power tools to break the coal seam into manageable pieces that are then carried to the surface on tracks. While underground mining has its risks, the United States Government maintains safety standards that protect miners while ensuring the country has the coal it needs.
Although it's not easy to bring coal, natural gas and petroleum to the surface, it's definitely a necessity. Fortunately for us, technology has risen to the task, ensuring that we have the energy that powers our civilization.
About the Author:
PageViews works with Accent Energy. Offering electric new yorkandNew York electricitymeans natural gasandalternative energy.Visit http://www.accentenergy.com/ for the best energy options and GoGreen(C).
Here's an fascinating one, "going blank." I notice this will be a rather common situation when employment searcher is confronted by an obstacle on a networking or job lead cold call.
This was an admission from a job-search client I recently worked with. I had instructed to her that to break free the pack (of job searchers) she ought to think about foregoing the same old trolling on job posting boards and to have interaction in an exceedingly call-in campaign to targeted companies.
"I can't," she whispered with a small tremble. "It is easy on behalf of me to open the conversation. It is easy on behalf of me to sound intelligent and relevant so long as the decision is going well. However if I purchase a sudden no, or a why?, or some other quite remark I am not prepared for, I am going blank. My mind turns off. I can not access my brains database for the inventory of comebacks, responses, or objection-overcoming thoughts." She was observing me with that blank "no-one's home-look" like she must have had when she found herself stuck on a call.
I bring this up to explain a larger point. It's not the issue of going blank, everybody will expertise it. But the difficulty of the fear of going blank is the bigger issue. This consumer was so fearful of blanking out and feeling the embarrassment, she very had a downside in starting the calling process. And with this looming fear, she created terribly few calls. Not a sensible answer to finding a job.
You see, coming up with a set up for obtaining past the "going blank" is extremely pretty easy. It's the worry that's the bigger problem.
I helped her create a defense against freezing. Produce a security valve or a go-to emergency comeback strategy consisting of "restart questions." It is vital to have a quiver of restart arrows to fireside back with. Enough arrows to have a relative reply and redirect the conversation, however NOT a lot of than just a few. These 2 were the ones I suggest for her and I recommend you think that regarding these for you:
? Introduce an component of compassion. Ask for help from the person who just "stuck" you. You reply: "I perceive your position. However this can be terribly important to me." ...pause.... "What would you suggest I do to pursue this additional?" or Attempt this: "I understand."...pause... "I want your help. How would you recommend I proceed?" or "I understand. I need you help. What you counsel I would like to do to improve my case?"
? Ask for a reload. Say: "I perceive and then ask if you'll be able to strive again later. Or, ask if you'll strive someone else. Or simply raise why your case isn't obtaining where it desires to be?"
Notice that in each case I recommend beginning with, "I understand." Its a way to introduce reconciliation or rapprochement (the reestablishing of cordial relations) before laying yourself at their feet and soliciting for help. It takes a laborious heart not to grant in to the current kind of request.
These sort of queries create a number of 2nd probabilities for you:
? You get a likelihood to catch your breath and hence a few moments for you to open your warehouse of ideas while they are responding.
? You place the ball into their court. It gives you an opportunity to listen for one thing to grab onto to any the conversation. I features a means of bringing them down from their defensive tower.
Once more, this isn't regarding the going blank. It's concerning what you'll be able to do to thaw that freeze-up before the decision is resulted in embarrassment. Your reason to form a troublesome decision is yours. You've got thought of it and your reasons are sound and good and justifiable. Your message should be pretty easy to develop. But when you get a reply you get stuck on, you wish to think about a quick strategy angle. That is after you unload your "safety valve question ," or any other comeback you think that will reset the table.
Back to my client. She known as me recently and enthusiastically boasted regarding getting stuck on a call. She had gone blank, but quickly turned to a "facilitate me" strategy question. It worked. She was beaming that the results led her to being passed along to a national director, well past her expectation.
This just supports the assumption that being ready is one in all the underlying cures for getting past phone fear and creating the call.
Chet Baker
Chet Baker is a veteran in the career field. With experience in recruiting for over 10 years and resume writing and consulting for five, he founded the Denver Resume Builder, for resume writing, IT recruiting and career advice. A speaker and author he admits to a passion for pushing the bounds of his clients. He has a book in the works, "Overcome Your Phone Fear," because of be out there early 2010. He uses these principles in his business to assist shoppers get past phone concern in the duty search.
About the Author:
Writers Cafe has been writing articles online for nearly 2 years now. Not only does this author specialize in Job Search Techniques, you can also check out his latest website about:
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Excess of everything is bad. We need to have control over the things so that they do not exceed their limit. High amount of food or scarcity of food will surely ruined the health. Balance holds ultimate importance in life. Our body is also blessed with natural barriers taking care of each and every organs. The most important organ, heart has valves which direct the flow of blood and take care that it does not flow in reverse direction.
Men's intelligence has beautifully drawn the natural activities which take place in our body and are carefully implemented in our daily activities for ease and convenience. These equipments are outstanding creations which have fulfilled industrial demands and are proving excellent equipments due to their applications which are delivered by them.
Industrial valves or controllers are the devices which are used for regulating the flow of fluids such as gases, liquids or slurries. The direction of fluid in an open valve is from higher pressure to lower pressure. These are mechanical devices which are fabricated for variety of purposes including industrial, military, commercial, residential and transport.
Amongst various types, controllers have wide range of usage which include oil and gas, power generation, mining, chemical manufacturing, chemical manufacturing and water reticulation. They play big role in all these industries leading to development of nation.
Controllers are truly blessings for many commercial as well as domestic activities. Industrial valves are of various types such as Ball, Gate , Swing Check, Globe, Butterfly etc. Amongst various types, Ball adjusters are widely used having passage which give way to passing fluid. These types have single passage. Steel, high pressure and Stainless steel valves are the most common types.
Stainless steel valves are benefiting many industrial activities. Stainless steel is used as basic material making these equipments durable and reliable. Stainless steel is anti-resistive, anti-corrosive and also offer great resistance to chemical reactions. These controllers are available in different shapes and sizes. Valve manufacturers have well acknowledged the needs of many industries and their processes. Full fledged companies have enabled the discovery of versatile industrial valves.
Advance technology and skilled men have really boosted the manufacturing of valves. Valve manufacturers have equal and important role in developing many companies.
Controllers are the best way to control and are excellently taking care of various process. They may be disposable or may be very huge but are amazingly feeding their purpose of creations.
About the Author:
Author Bio
Ravi Doshi is well known writer of Valve manufacturers and industrial valves. He has write a many books and article on industrial valves, Valve manufacturering and Stainless steel valves.
The world's most powerful business heads together tomorrow in Nanjing, participated in the Nanjing International Exhibition Center at the "2005 International Sourcing Fair transnational retail." It is understood that the procurement will not only attract more than 1,000 domestic producers as well as home appliances,
Home
, Department store
Chain
Shop to the meeting place in the world
Retail
100 transnational retail groups will "cheer." The procurement will be by the
Business
Department and jointly organized by the Jiangsu provincial government.
Of B & Q
: The lock 500 suppliers
B & Q belong to the world
500
One of the Kingfisher Group, is the third in the world of decorative building materials retail in Europe Group. Since entering China in
Building materials market
Also has been in a lead position in the experience and
OBI
Human resources and
Brand
Integrate
Restructuring, the Chinese market for the first time B & Q purchase will become important.
Miss Lu said B & Q marketing department in Nanjing, B & Q will include TOTO, Kohler,
Dulux
,
Nippon
, Champion, Nobel and other building materials of various categories of well-known brands have nearly 500 suppliers partner to the Chinese market in the future to continue implementation of the "low price" strategy to lay solid foundation.
Yongle: take the opportunity to further accelerate the expansion of
Yesterday, Wing-lok electrical branch in Nanjing told reporters, currently responsible for the major appliance category per capita gathered in Nanjing. With this purchase will, Yongle will further accelerate its pace in the Jiangsu and Zhejiang. November 14, Paradise just in the Hong Kong market
Listing
. Paradise chairman Chen Xiao told the media that most of the listed funds raised will be used for opening new stores. Paradise shop in the country this year, about 200, and intensify in the South, Southwest, North and other regions of the expansion.
Necessary requirement for the rapid expansion of lower purchase price. Through large-scale procurement, Paradise will not only get lower prices of products, you can also consolidate its existing markets. The purchase will be for Paradise already begun to prepare related matters, as the procurement site in Nanjing, so the purchase of household appliances Yongle will first consider the supply of Eastern China, Nanjing is also the benefit of course one of the regions.
Five Star
: Well
Plan
Show their
11 4 to 6, Jiangsu
Five Star
Will also debut the "cross-mining will be" to better grasp the pulse of home appliances, to find a new mainstream product; but the star seems to focus not only in the "placing orders", the five-star level
Leadership
Said, international procurement will be "the best form of corporate image display."
It is understood that the optical star
Standard
Stand on the "accounts" of the three, and set up special working groups; in move-in, the star invited a professional company, has been carefully planned, combined with his own image,
Make
The personality and characteristics of the booth. Five Star relevant responsible person said that in recent years, the five-star large-scale multinational companies increasingly concerned about the composition of the Procurement. But the star at the cost of procurement are more than calendar year.
About the Author:
I am an expert from China Home Appliances, usually analyzes all kind of industries situation, such as flanged ball valves ,
